Education: Apprenticeship Program in L.A. in l956 in the International Jewelry Workers UNION. Work in the jewelry industry until 1972. Left the Union and opened own studio until moving to Holualoa, Hawaii in 1977. 

In 1979, along with jewelry repair and commission work, started doing small sculptures and objects d’arte. Entered first show in 1980 and almost every show in my medium on the Big Island and in Honolulu. Started receiving a few awards and became known more as a sculpture than a goldsmith. Most of my work tends to be somewhat controversial and is intended to impart my feeling about something going on or having some impact upon our lives. At this time I continue to create special jewelry pieces, sculptures, and now am making and teaching the ukulele craft.